芸薹属种子休眠特性的研究——Ⅲ.不同发芽促进剂及热震荡对油菜种子的破眠效果

本文研究了不同发芽促进剂及热震荡对芸薹属的不同种质的破眠效果,结果表明:(1)野生或自生种质的种子与栽培种质相比,均有较深的休眠性,其中尤以云南野生白菜(Brassiacampestris L.)及新疆毛芥(B.xinjiangensis Y.Z.Lan)的休眠性为强。(2)GA_2结合其他发芽促进剂与单独GA_2处理,对种子的萌发都有明显的促进作用,破眠程度(DBE)值在0.78—0.86之间,两者之间不存在显著差异,但是不同种质的DBE变化较大,以较深休眠的自生芥菜(B.juncea L.)效果最差。(3)热震荡对于解除芸薹属自生芥菜种子休眠的效果更差,劣于200ppm GA_3。     

甘蓝型低芥酸油菜单株产量基因效应的研究

用5×5半双列杂交研究甘蓝型低芥酸油菜单株产量的遗传,结果表明:供试的甘蓝型低芥酸油菜品系中,单株产量的遗传符合加性显性模型,显性性质为超显性,平均显性度为1.404。显性基因约为隐性基因的3倍多,并且多数增效基因表现显性,但也有显性的减效基因存在。单株产量的广义遗传力h_B~2=71.4％,狭义遗传力h_N~2=33.18％。供试亲本显性效应的强弱依次为81007>81006>81018>81004>81033,增效基因的多少依次为81018>81006>81007>81004>81033。一般配合力的大小依次为81018>81006>81004>81033>81007。     

Major gene resistance in Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is overcome by changes in virulence of populations of Leptosphaeria maculans in France and Australia

Resistance of Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) conferred by three different major resistance genes has been overcome by changes in virulence of Leptosphaeria maculans populations in France and Australia. In South Australia where B. napus cultivars with major gene resistance derived from Brassica rapa ssp. sylvestris were grown extensively, resistance was rendered ineffective within 3 years of commercial release of the cultivar. Disease severity was higher on cultivars with sylvestris-derived resistance than cultivars with polygenic resistance. This Australian situation is compared to that in France, where resistance conferred by the Rlm1 gene was overcome nation-wide in 5 years under commercial cropping practices, and also where a source of resistance introgressed into B. napus from B. juncea was rendered inefficient in 3 years in experimental field plots near Rennes.     

Biological Control of Sclerotinia Diseases of Rapeseed by Aerial Applications of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of applying the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to the aerial parts of rapeseed plants at the flowering stage to control sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Under controlled conditions, a petal inoculation technique was used to determine the effect of conidial suspensions of C. minitans on suppression of sclerotinia leaf blight. Results showed that C. minitans was effective in inhibiting infection initiated by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on flower petals by restricting mycelial growth of the pathogen. Suppression of lesion development was related to the conidial concentration of C. minitans, with larger lesions at low concentration (5×10³conidia ml⁻¹), but smaller lesions at high concentration (5×10⁴ conidia ml⁻¹ or higher). When C. minitans-treated rapeseed leaves were inoculated with mycelia of S. sclerotiorum, C. minitans failed to prevent infection of leaves, but caused a significant reduction in number of sclerotia produced on the diseased leaves. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between the two isolates of C. minitans, LRC 2137 and Chy-1, on the two rapeseed cultivars, Westar (spring type) and Zhongyou 821 (winter type). Results of field trials showed a significant reduction of stem rot of rapeseed in four (1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004) out of five years by aerial application of C. minitans, compared with controls. No significant difference in suppressive efficacy was observed between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + benomyl (50 μg ml⁻¹) and benomyl (100 μg ml⁻¹) in 2003, and between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + vinclozolin (100 μg ml⁻¹) and vinclozolin (500 μg ml⁻¹) in 2004. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum collected from diseased plants in plots treated with C. minitans in 1999, 2000 and 2003, or with C. minitans + benomyl in 2003 were infected by C. minitans at frequencies ranging from 21.3 to 54.5%. This study concludes that aerial spraying of C. minitans is an effective method for controlling sclerotinia diseases of rapeseed.     

白菜病程相关蛋白1基因cDNA全长的克隆与分析

 以水杨酸处理后的‘苏州青’白菜为材料, 通过RT2PCR和RACE技术, 获得了白菜病程相关蛋白PR-1基因的cDNA全长序列。该基因与甘蓝型油菜PR-1基因氨基酸序列的同源性为91% , 与拟南芥的同源性为78% , 与其它植物的同源性为57%～60%。Southern杂交表明该基因在白菜基因组中的拷贝数至少为2个。半定量RT2PCR分析表明, 2 mmol/L的水杨酸处理后12 h, 该基因的表达量达到高峰。     

芥蓝游离小孢子培养及植株再生研究

对12个基因型的芥蓝进行了游离小孢子培养及植株再生研究.结果表明:供体基因型对诱导胚胎发生至关重要;最佳热激温度为32℃,24h;单核靠边期到双核期的小孢子最适合进行胚胎诱导;NLN培养基中的最佳蔗糖浓度为130 g·L-1;添加活性炭可以提高成胚速度和质量;15～25 ℃的供体植株生长的环境温度决定着游离小孢子培养的成败,将子叶型胚胎转移到MS固体培养基上可直接发育成植株.     

不同基因型的青菜、白菜耐镉性差异研究

通过溶液培养,对重金属镉(Cd)处理下不同品种的青菜和白菜地上部可食部分的生物量以及对镉的吸收和积累特点进行了比较研究.结果表明:在50μmol/L的Cd处理下,青菜和白菜的生长均受到不同程度的抑制作用,其地上部的生物量均显著低于对照,青菜对Cd具有较强的敏感性,其相对生物量均下降到对照的50%以下,白菜对Cd的耐性高于青菜;镉处理下,不同品种的青菜和白菜对镉的吸收积累具有显著性差异,青菜单位重量的Cd含量明显高于白菜;对青菜和白菜进行了镉耐性和敏感性品种筛选,为无公害蔬菜的种植及镉污染土壤的植物修复提供理论参考.     

Response of black rot in cabbage to spatial distribution of inoculum

Disease progress of black rot in cabbage crop was studied over three years in field plots to compare the effects of uni-focal and multi-focal inoculum applied in equal amounts per plot. Disease progress (plant incidence and leaf incidence) was plotted over time, three dimensional maps were made, and disease aggregation was studied by means of geostatistics, black-black counts and Moran's I statistic. Black rot progress was primarily due to focus expansion. Secondary foci may appear at short distances from the initial focus but they usually merge with the expanding initial focus. Anisotropy occurred occasionally but was of minor importance. Disease proceeds faster in plots with multi-focal inoculation than in those with uni-focal inoculation. Probably, serious epidemics in Dutch cabbage fields originate from large numbers of foci.     

不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法，对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明，两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型，主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型，主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主，在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中，两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应，在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中，显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。     

湘红菜薹一号的选育

湘红菜薹一号是以自交不亲和系９４１５－２和孤雌生殖系Ｊ－７－２配制的紫菜薹一代杂种，极早熟，从播种到始收４５天左右，早期产量高，菜薹亮紫色，无蜡粉，味甜，品质好，耐热，抗软腐病能力强，适应性广，适用于长江流域夏秋栽培和早熟秋冬栽培。